Iraqi National Journal of Chemistry (Irq. Nat. J. Chem.) is a quarterly, peer‑reviewed and open access journal that publishes original research and review articles in all areas of chemistry.
The photochemical Catalytic Properties and Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nano Bismuth Borate for Efficient Removal of Congo red dye from Aqueous Solution
This study synthesized Bismuth Borate (BB) by one-step precipitation from nano bismuth oxide and Boric acid. FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and Zeta potential characterized the product. This product acts as a photocatalyst to remove Congo red dye (CR) from an aqueous solution, all factors that affect the adsorption process studied (Time, weight of adsorbent, adsorbate concentration, PH, temperature). Model of isotherm adsorption Langmuir and Freundlich, kinetic adsorption, first- and second-order pseudo and thermodynamic values (ΔS, ΔG, ΔH) are studied. Results of the study indicated that the best amount of adsorbent was 0.1 g used against dye, the optimal concentration of CR was 50 mg L-1, and the optimum acidity function was equal to 5.5 with a volume of 100 ml of aqueous solution. Adsorption processes were carried out using distilled water as solvent. Also, this study included calculating adsorption capacity based on optimal conditions obtained by applying Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and max = (196) mg g-1 for (BB), kinetic adsorption following second-order pseudo. Values of thermodynamics (ΔS, ΔG, ΔH) are measured, and the results indicate an increase in system randomness and that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic.
Saffron: Analytical and Therapeutic aspects
This study followed 450 adults (20-65 years old) to evaluate the effects of saffron. More specifically, 200 individuals were evaluated for saffron's antidiabetic and antispasmodic activity in colon disorders, while 250 individuals were investigated for antidepressant and anti-inflammatory activity. For the study, saffron was to be taken orally as a water preparation. Method of preparation and use of saffron: Threads of saffron are ground by pestle and mortar, about 30mg twice daily after meal or 20mg three times daily Ground saffron is infused in a cup of hot water (70- 100ml) for 5-10 min until cool and taken orally The daily intake is continued for about 3 weeks; the total dose is 1.200g. For the investigation of saffron's antidepressant activity, clinical trials identified and screened 250 individuals selected randomly. Excluded: no depression symptoms (healthy or depression due to colon disorders or irregular menstrual cycle): n=170; with depression symptoms (evaluation in meta-analysis): n=80. Excluded: antidepression control n=10. Antidepressant drugs n=15, without drugs n=55. The total of people evaluated in the meta-analysis was n=70. The results of the study showed that the use of saffron is a successful approach for treating MDD (major depressive disorder) in short–term use. It has also shown benefits in colon disorders and in patients with irregular menstrual cycles. Absorption of Infrared spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques were employed to identify compounds.
Application of High Performance Liquid Chromatography to the Analysis of Hydrochlorothiazide in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations
Hydrochlorothiazide is a common blood pressure medicine. To analysis of it as pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations we used isocratic HPLC techniques supplied with a Octadecyl silane (ODS or C18) column (4.5mm x 250 mm, 5μm) as stationary phase and (Methanol/Acetonitrile/Water) in the ratio of [75: 15:10 v/v/v/] as mobile phase at (25 Cº). The Hydrochlorothiazide was detected at 270 nanometer and a flow rate was at 1.0 ml.min-1. This method was validated (Linearity, Accuracy, Precision, LOD and LOQ) and all results that obtained refer to accepted within ICH Guidelines.
Facile and sensitive Spectrophotometric Determination of Lidocaine in Pharmaceutical preparations and Environmental wastewater samples
A rapid, accurate, precise, simple, economical, and sensitive UV spectrophotometric approach was devised to determine the amount of lidocaine present in pharmaceutical preparations and environmental wastewater samples. This approach exhibits maximum absorbance at 265 nm in 0.1MHCl. Beer's law was followed between 0.05 and 0.7mg/ml. The technique's molar absorptivity has been 45 ×104L.mol-1.cm-1, its relative standard deviation has been no more than 1.0%, and its accuracy (avg. recovery percentage) has been 100 ± 1.10. Lidocaine concentrations in pharmaceutical formulations (ointments) and samples of industrial wastewater were successfully determined using this methodology. Precision and sensitivity tests were used to validate the suggested approach, demonstrating its applicability for routine Lidocaine measurement in real samples.
Study of the heavy metal content of cement and the possibility of reducing their concentrations in cement dust emitted from cement manufacturing plants in the city of Mosul
In this research, sixteen samples of dust deposits are collected indoors and outdoors at the two Badoush Cement Factory Expansion and the New Badoush Cement Factory in Mosul city. The aim of the research is identification and estimate the concentrations of the heavy metals in the dust samples emitted from the two Factories and the possibility of reducing the concentration of these metals using an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) device and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results of XRF showed the presence of Titanium, Iron, Nickel, Vanadium, Zinc, Chromium, Zirconium, Ruthenium, Europium, Mercury, Strontium, and Aluminum. Other elements appeared in some samples: Gold, Lead, Palladium, Rubidium, and Rhenium. Lead, Iron, Nickel, and Zinc were detected in the dust; Iron showed a higher content level in all samples; it changed between 72.52 μg/ml in sample 6 to 37.59 μg/ml in sample 1 as a minimum level. Nickel ranged between 1.025 μg/ml in sample 1 to 2.875 μg/ml in sample 5. The highest zinc content was detected in sample 16, 0.7555 μg/ml. Cobalt and cadmium were not detected in all samples.
Moderate and Efficient One-Pot Multicomponent Strategy to Perform a New Series of Fused 1,2,4-Triazolopyrimidine Derivatives Assisted by Lemon Juice and Grinding Technique
Polyfused heterocyclic compounds have been performed by using lemon juice as active natural acid catalysis through one of the most important and famous reactions represented by the Biginelli reaction as a one-pot multicomponent reaction using only stirring at room temperature (25°C) as moderated circumstances. Substantially, the reaction started firstly by the action of hydrazine carbohydrazide (1) on the isophorone to achieve the corresponding hydrazone (2) in acidic media from glacial acetic acid, which then underwent intercyclization reaction via grinding technique for (20 minutes) with thiourea in basic media from NaOH (10%) to obtain 3-(2-isopheronyl hydrozonyl)-5-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3). Finally, the compound (3) proceeded through a one-pot Biginelli reaction with dimedone and substituted benzaldehyde in the presence of the catalytic amount of lemon juice as a natural acidic catalyst to achieve poly fused 1,2,4-triazole pyrimidine derivatives (4-6) in moderate and selective circumstances.
Preparation of novel Schiff base complexes of some transition metal (II) derived from 4,-4-ethylenedianiline and antibacterial assessment
A particular number of complexes, which include Pd (II), Mn (II), Zn (II), and Ag (I) ions, established from the Schiff base ligand 4,-4-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)aniline) (C26H22N4) as a 1:1 Molar ratio, were synthesized. We prepared the Schiff base by condensing 4,-4-ethylendianiline and pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde. and characterized the Schiff base ligand and metal complexes using elemental analysis, melting point determination, molar conductance measurement, FT-IR spectroscopy, 1HNMR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and biological effectiveness evaluation from the infrared spectrum, electronic spectra, and 1HNMR data. The analysis revealed that the Schiff base ligand donates the electrons of nitrogen (N) atoms to the metal ions. The suggested general formula for the obtained complexes is [M(L)] Cln for Pd (II) and Ag (I) metal ions n can be either 1 or 2. and The formul [M(L) (H2O)2] OAc2 for Mn(II) and Zn(II) metal ions (L) is a Schiff base ligand with the chemical formula C26H22N4. The proposal suggests the existence of a four-coordinated square planar geometry for the Pd(II) and Ag(I) complexes and a six-coordinated octahedral geometry for the Mn(II) and Zn(II) complexes. The molar conductance measurements of all the complexes indicated their electrolytic character. The silver complex has a conductivity as 1:1 ratio and 2:1 for other complexes. In a laboratory setting, we assessed the antibacterial properties of the Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus typhi) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) using the Agar disc diffusion method. The antibacterial testing findings demonstrated that the metal complexes displayed a higher level of antibacterial efficacy compared to the unbound Schiff base ligand.
Spectral estimation of vincristine Sulphate in pharmaceutical Formulations
A novel spectrophotometric technique has been introduced for quantifying minuscule quantities of the anticancer drug vincristine sulfate (VCS). This approach is based on the combination of vincristine sulfate with 4-chloroaniline. The resulting dye displays a molar absorptivity of 1.47×104 l.mol-1. cm-1 at its peak absorption wavelength of 455 nm. The method adheres to Beer's law over a range of 10-300 μg of vincristine in 10 ml (equivalent to 1.0 – 30 ppm) and exhibits low detection limits (LOD) of 0.12 μg/ml and quantification limits (LOQ) of 0.40 μg/ml. The color reaction remains highly stable and maintains its absorbance without significant deviation (within acceptable analytical error) for up to 24 hours, demonstrating a relative error between +0.37 to +1.02% and a relative standard deviation ranging from ±0.42 to ±1.05%, depending on the concentration level. This method has been effectively utilized for quantifying vincristine sulfate in pharmaceutical formulations.
Lemon Juice as Highly Selective, Efficient, and Renewable Catalyst to Achieve New Series of Heterocyclic Compounds via Click-Multicomponent Reaction
Recently, lemon juice has been extensively explored as a cheap, easily available, non-toxic, biodegradable, usable, reusable, highly selective, biocatalyst, and green solvent in organic synthesis, especially nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. a simple, conventional, green, and environmentally friendly one-pot procedure for modification N-substituted 1,2,4-triazole (1) using lemon juice as a renewable and natural catalyst via click multicomponent reaction among glycine, thiosemicarbazide, and vanillin has been successfully done. This supreme unite building is used later as an active precursor, usually through the Biginelli reaction as a click three-component reaction with dimedone and substituted benzaldehyde in acidic media from lemon juice too to afford poly fused heterocyclic compounds (2-7). The available spectral and elemental analysis (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, GC-Mass, and CHN) confirmed the synthesized compound's structure. In contrast, the biological activity as an anti-lung cancer agent has been evaluated only for compound (3), and the results were impressive.
Spectroscopic, synthesis studies and evaluation of the biological activity of some new-3-(2hydroxy benzylidene) amino)-2-phenyl quinazolin-4(3H)- one Schiff base complexes
This research includes the synthesis of a number of new complexes of some transition elements such as Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and non-transition elements Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) with the ligands of Schiff bases resulting from the condensation reaction between Salicylaldehyde and 3-amino-2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one. The ligand and its complexes were studied and diagnosed through molar electrical conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurements, electronic spectra, infrared spectra, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and biological activity of the ligand and some of its complexes has been studied. It was shown through the study that the ligand gives neutral, non-electrolytic complexes that have the chemical formula [M(HBAPQ)Cl2] and [Co(HBAPQ)2)Cl2] as: M = Ni(II),Cu(II), Zn(II),Cd(II),Hg(II) HBAPQ = (E)-3-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-2-Phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one The values of the electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements showed that the prepared complexes were tetracoordinate tetrahedral geometry, except for the cobalt (II) complex, which was hexacoordinate octahedral geometry. Keywords: transition element complexes, quinazoline Schiff base ligands, quinazolinone complexes
Evaluation CA15-3, Blood Urea and Creatinine in Breast Cancer Comen
The current study was conducted on 90 women divided into three groups: G1 included 30 women with breast cancer, and G2 included 30 women with breast cancer that received a single dose of treatment and 30 women as the control group (healthy), the ages of the groups ranged between (27-25) years, as the samples were collected from the Oncology Hospital of the Medical City in Baghdad Governorate, for the period between 1/11/2022 to 1/2/ 2023. Where about 5 ml of blood was collected from the blood of the groups of patients as well as from healthy women and the samples were divided based on the type of test, after placing them in jell tubes free of anticoagulant and leaving the blood at a temperature of 25 ° C until it coagulates and then placed in a centrifuge for 10 minutes at a speed of 3000 cycles/minute and then the serum was obtained and then placed in Eppendorf and kept in deep freezer at a temperature of -20 ° C for the purpose of Measure the levels of CA15-3 urea and creatinine in s with breast cancer women. The results of the current research showed a significant increase in the cancer antigen CA15-3 in the serum of G1 and G2, compared to the control group with a significant decrease in the G2 group compared to G1, while urea and creatinine showed a significant increase in the serum of G2compared to G1 and healthy women.
Chemical, Physical and microbial appraisal of bottled water in Iraq
There has been a growing concern about the quality of bottled water; in as much to the increased bespoke of-this product so to evaluate the quality of bottled water in local markets in Baghdad, This study was investigated. Fifteen types of bottled water were chosen randomly from local markets for analyses. Physical, chemical and microbial properties of all samples were appraised comprising turbidity, PH, concentration of Ca, Mg, Cl, Pb, total bacteria counts, total coliform count, fecal coliform, E.coli and protozoa. The results obtained were compared with the world health organization for drinking water and the standard specification for Iraqi drinking water. The turbidity for all samples was less than 1(NTU). The range of the PH value was (7.5-8.5) Concentration of Ca, Mg, Cl, Pb were (0.1604-9.223), (0.117-14.009), (2.9-21.9), (0.047-0.589) mg/L. respectively all the samples were within the limits of the standard specification for Iraqi drinking water expect the percentage of Pb was high, and absence of bacteria coliform, E.coli in all samples while a few of protozoa was noticed.
Determination of Thermodynamic Parameters for Ion Association of N-(2-Fluorophenyl)maleamic acid in Methanol, Ethanol, and Acetone
In this study, As has been determined equivalent conductivity of N-(2-Fluorophenyl)maleamic acid in the solvents (methanol, ethanol, and acetone) that have a different relative permittivity and in concentrations ranging from 1×10-5 N to 1×10-3 N at 293.15, 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K. Through this study found that equivalent conductivity increases when relative permittivity and temperature increases and equivalent conductivity decreases when the concentration increases. As has been determined Ionization constants and thermodynamic Parameters for organic acid in those polar solvents and temperatures mentioned above.
Preparation 0f Activated Carbon from Coconut shells Use the Kim-al-Ali as abond material And use it to adsorb the pigment of the methylene blue
The study included the study of the preparation of activated carbon from coconut shell with different bitumen's material by adding salicylic acid at constant ratio's with Potassium hydroxide. The ratios of reactive substances, The amount of reactants carbonated material and bitumen's material were verified using different ratio's to obtain a better Production which is not less efficient than some other types.to obtain a better result of iodine number adsorption and methylene blue pigment adsorption,It had to be done the physical and chemical tests of the prepared models, including determination of the density, ash, iodine (IN),measure mentexternal surface area by the method of adsorption of the Methylene Blue aqueous, measurement Humidity content.
Ferric reducing capacity and oxidative stress index in sera and saliva of Iraqi patients with homozygous β-thalassemia major
Background and aim: β-thalassemia major is an autosomal recessive disease that leads to a severe hemolytic anemia in early infancy. Study of the oxidative stress in sera and saliva of homozygous β-thalassemia major patients is the aim of the present study. Materials and methods: Serum and saliva specimens were collected from 91 males, 51 cases were β-thalassemia major patients, aged 11 to 26 years (mean= 15.275 ± 4.4501 years) and 40 were age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Results: The results for the serum specimen showed a highly significant decrease (P<0.001) in total antioxidant status (TAS), and a highly significant increase (P<0.001) in ferric reducing capacity (FRC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative index (OSI) in all studied patients compared with that of control group. While in saliva specimen, a non-significant decrease (P>0.05) in TAS with a non-significant increase (P>0.05) in FRC while a significant increase (P<0.05) in both TOS and OSI in the patients compared with that of control group. Conclusion: The following can be concluded based on the results of the current study: the measured oxidative stress in Iraqi thalassemia patients due to the increase in FRC and the decrease in TAS. Furthermore, saliva can be used as an alternative fluid instead of serum for measurement of FRC in β-thalassemia major patients.
A novel method for spectrophotometric determination of isopropamide iodide in pharmaceutical formulations Application to content uniformity testing
A simple, accurate, economical, and rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of isopropamide iodide in pharmaceutical preparation (tablets) has been developed. The method is based on the reaction of isopropamide iodide and sodium nitrite in sulfuric acid medium to form iodine which shows maximum absorbance at 449 nm. Beer,s law was obeyed in the concentration range ) 20-240μg/ml). The molar absorptivity and Sandell,s sensitivity of the colored complex are 0.67×103 l/mol.cm. and 0.717 ng/cm2 respectively .The limits of detection and quantization are 5.8 and 17.4 μg/ml respectively. The analytical parameters were optimized and the method was successfully applied to the determination of isopropamide iodide in pure form and its tablets form.
Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Mesalasine and Isoniazid Using H-Point Standard Addition Method via Schiff’s Base Formation Reaction
H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) has been applied to the simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of mesalasine (5-ASA) and isoniazid (INH) drugs in binary mixtures. The method is based on the Schiff's base formation of drugs with 1,2-naphoquinone sulphonate (NQS) as a chromogenic reagent in the presence of micellar cityltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium carbonate. The results showed that simultaneous determinations could be performed with the ratios 0.4:1.4 and 1.6:0.2 measured at pair of wavelengths (438 and 521 nm) with recovery % range 94.5-105 % and precision better than 2.95 %
Preparation of New Complexes of Anticipated Biological Activities
Novel complexes of biological important activity were prepared by coordination of Mn(II) or Cr(II) metals with the ligand of Aspirin and Paracetamole mixture L = Aspirine(Asp) and Paracetamole(Parac) in 1:1:1 for the former and 1:1:2 molar ratio for the later. The metal ions were tetrahedral and octahedral bonded to the ligand in the complexes respectively. Aspirin coordinate through the carbonyl oxygen of the carboxyl and the ester groups, while paracetamol coordinate through the oxygen of the hydroxyl and the amide groups Complexes have been synthesized by conventional direct reaction in neutral medium and the products have the general formula [M(Asp/ Par]Cl2and [M2(Asp)2/ (Par)2]Cl2 respectively. Physical measurements including IR and UV / Visible spectra, CHN analysis and molar conductivity measurements showed these geometries around the metals. The geometry (three dimensional structure) of complex (I and V) as representative of these complexes at minimized energy was established by chem.3D Ultra; molecular modeling and analysis confirmed the suggested structure tetrahedral and octahedral.
Molecular charge distributions, Vibrational frequency and Stability studies on 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde and (Z)-indol-3-ylidenemethanol: DFT Approach
1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (A) and its enol-tautomer, (Z)-indol-3-ylidenemethanol (B) have been examined using B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p), M06/6-311++G(d,p), wB97xD/6-311++G(d,p) and MP2/6-311++G(d,p) methods. The EHOMO, ELUMO, Δ(EHOMO-LUMO), dipole moment, softness (σ), chemical hardness (η), chemical potential (μ), ionization potential (IP), electron affinity (EA), nucleophilicity index (ω) and thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed. The band gap revealed that compound A would be hard, more stable thermodynamically and less labile than B. This this was in agreement with the total energy, chemical hardness and chemical softness calculated for the compounds. The Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) map showed that N-H hydrogen and carbonyl oxygen are the most plausible potential site for nucleophilic (blue color) and electrophilic (red color) activities for compound A. For compound B, O-H hydrogen and N of indole are most plausible site for nucleophilic and electrophilic activities. Critical analysis of the charge population distributions shows that charge distributions respond more to the basis sets rather than the computational methods used for the calculations.
Conformational behavior of tetrafluorohydrazine inside C60 fullerene
The conformational behavior of tetrafluorohydrazine was studied inside C60 fullerene using density functional theory with PBE_3ζ basis set, a notable change in bond length, bond angle, and the dihedral angle was detected, the required energy for rotation about F-N-N-F also changed. The molecular parameter and rotation energy for all conformers were calculated, reported and investigated.
Effect of Some Inorganic Ions and Some Household and Industrial Wastes on The Biomass's Weight and Protein That Growth on Olive Milll Wastewater Medium
The effect of some inorganic ions (nitrogen & phosphatase), dried domestic food residues (Fig fruit residues, Bean husks, Pea husks, Pomel husks) and some industrial wastes (Molasses - Olive sludge (solid waste of olive presses) On the weight of bio-mass developing in olive oil wastewaster OMW1, which is encrusted with Geotricum threads and extended with water extracts by 75:25 (OMW1: Aqueous extract of residues at concentration 1%,4%,7%,10%). Nitrogen compounds had a significant effect on the increase in the mass of developing fungi compared to the control (distilled water distillation) as blank 1.0334gr/300ml dry weight where The concentration of Peas, Beans and molasses were effective at concentration (10-7), 4% and 10% respectively, with the mass increasing to 1.5346gr/300ml dry weight of Peas, 2.342gr/ 300ml dry weight of Beans and 2.5893gr/300ml of molasses. The rest of the water extracts (Phosphate compounds - Pomela husks - Fig) showed no apparent effect while sludge had a disincentive to the growth of bio-mass. (2.41g wet mushroom weight is equivalent to 0.03g dry weight) the effect of these extracts on the protein content of the biomass, Nitrogen compounds, Peas and Beans husks had a positive effect of 40% at 2.7% for Nitrogen and 30% at concentration greater than 7% for Peas and 25-20% at concentration greater than 4% For the bean extract, while the rest of the extracts (Phosphates, Pomela, Figs and Sludge) did not have any obvious effect. Keywords: Olive mill wastewater – OMW
Ground Water Chemistry and Quality Assessment of the Dibdibba Aquifer at Safwan- Zubair Area, Southern IRAQ
Hydrochemical assessment of groundwater was carried out to characterize, classify groundwater and evaluate its suitability for drinking ,irrigation and industrial use in Safwan-Zubair area of south Iraq. Groundwater samples were collected during wet (October ,2016) and dry (April ,2017) seasons from 58 of operated wells (hand dug or tube) for rural water supply using standard sampling procedures. The water samples were analyzed for pH, major ions, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity (EC), using standard methods. . It was established that groundwater is neutral to alkaline and. The six groundwater types represent (Na2SO4) ,(NaCl),( CaCl2), (MgCl2) ,(CaSO4) and (MgSO4) for both periods. The relative concentrations such as Ca/Mg, Na/Cl, Cl/(HCO3+CO3) and base exchange index are used to assess the salinity of groundwater in the study area. This study shows the origin of the water is Marine except well No.8 where is Metrologic. Hydrographical methods (i.e. Schoeller diagram) and AqQA software geochemical modeling program were used to characterize the groundwater quality. Analytical results of groundwater quality in Safwan-Zubair area indicated that the order of abundance of cation concentration were Ca > Mg < Na+ K and Na+ K > Mg > Ca in dry and wet seasons respectively while those of the anions were Cl > SO4 > HCO3 + CO3 in both seasons . Groundwater from Safwan-Zubair area was largely supersaturated with respect to both calcite and aragonite , However, the calculated PCO2 values suggested that the groundwater system was open to soil CO2 and that there was possibility of degassing of CO2 during flow, which could increase the pH and subsequently result in the supersaturation of calcite in both districts. Groundwater water samples were stable towards calcite and aragonite stability field. This suggested that equilibrium of the groundwater with silicates is an important indicator of the hydrogeochemical processes behind groundwater quality in the study area. According to the available standards, the present study samples were unsuitable for drinking purposes but adequate for irrigation purposes depending on Electrical conductivity, soluble sodium percentage (SSP), total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Kelly’s ratio (KR), permeability index (PI) and Magnesium ratio (MAR) values. The values of SAR ,PI , SSP , KR and MAR indicated excellent, good and permissible quality of water for irrigation uses. However, samples with unsuitable SAR (89% during wet season ), doubtful to unsuitable PI (76%during dry season ) , unsuitable KR (25% during wet season ) , The values of MAR During dry 50% of samples and 96.42% during wet fall above the permissible limit of 50 mg/ l indicating the unfavorable effect on crop yield and increase in soil alkalinity and a high salinity hazard values restrict the suitability of the groundwater for agricultural purposes, and plants with good salt tolerance should be selected for such groundwater. A detailed hydro-geochemical investigation and integrated water management is suggested for sustainable development of the water resources for better plant growth, long-term as well as maintaining human health in the study area. while all the samples are corrosive with respect to pH in both seasons period .The corrosivity ratio indicates that all samples are unsuitable for industrial use.
High risk of bacterial contamination of Doctor's mobile phone working in Baghdad hospitals, study resistance to antibiotics
In this study bacteria isolated from mobile phones of male and female Doctors worked in Baghdad hospitals which include Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Ibn al-Nafis hospital, Al-Yarmouk Hospital, Al-Karama Hospital, Medical City Hospital, and Al-Nu'man Hospital. Seventy samples collected from different specialty and sex. The result of the present study shows the isolation percentage for Male was 54% and for Female was 46%. The number and types of bacteria differ with the sex and specialty. T-test show the existent of significance differences (p<0.01) between the number of bacterial colonies and specialty. One hundred isolates were identified, 64 were normal flora of skin which was 22 isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis, formed 22% and 42 isolates of Bacillus spp. formed 42% from all isolated. The remaining isolated 36 were pathogenic bacteria, included seven genus Staphylococcus aureus 20 (20%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6 (6%), Bacillus subtilis 2, Streptococcus spp. 2, Escherichia coli 2, Micrococcus lutes 2, and Klebsiella pneumonia 2 Formed (2%). respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility test shows the most isolate were sensitive to (LEV 5, APM 10, T 30, SXT 25) and resistance to (AMC 30, CX 5, CL 30) with some exception. The susceptibility test of Staphylococcus aureus to Oxacillin appeared the predominant of (OSSA) which form 75% whereas the percentage of (ORSA) was 25% from all Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus.
Synthesis and Characterization of Heterocyclic Compounds Derived from 1, 1- bis (4-aminophenyl) cyclohexane and their study biological activity
Synthesized and characterization of new sulfonamide derivatives ( schiff base , ,azo , azide, chalcone and 1,2,3- triazole) derived from (1, 1- bis (4-aminophenyl) cyclohexane [A1] ). The synthesis compound [A2] include the reaction of compound [A1] with Toluene -4- Sulfonyl chloride while the azo compound [A3] produce from the reaction of diazonium salt with salicylaldehyde , then the azo compound [A3] were converted to chalcone derivative [A4] by reaction the azo compound [A3] with acetophenone . Afterward reflux the azo compound with 2-amino pyrimidine to formation schiff base [A5] . Azide derivative [A6] synthesized via the reaction of diazonium salt with sodium azide . The new 1,2,3- triazole derivatives [A7,A8] were obtained from treatment azide compound[A6] with each ethyl acetoacetate and acetyl acetone ,respectively . The structures of the compounds were confirmed by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, FT-IR spectroscopy and (C.H.N.) elementary analysis. The synthesis compounds were evaluated1 for1antibacterial1(Staphylococcus1aureus , Becillus Cereus, Escherichia1coli, Pseudomonas1aeruginosa1and 1anti-fungal1 (Aspergillus1niger1 and Aspergillus1 fumigatus1by serial dilution1 method.
Photocatalytic decolorization of dispersive yellow 42 dye in ZnO/UV-A System
This work is focused on the photocatalytic decolorization of dispersive yellow 42 dye as textile dye. The decolorization of this dye was done in present the suspension solution of the commercial ZnO and the artificial light (high pressure mercury lamp) type 125 Watt as UV-A source at light intensity equal to 1.48 x 10-7 Ensien. s-1. The kinetic study for photocatalytic decolorization process of this dye was obeyed to pseudo-first order. The optimal variations for the decolorization of the studied dye at 25 mg/L were found. The best dose of ZnO is equal to 300 mg/100 mL and the maximum value of the initial pH of an aqueous solution is 7.7. Moreover, the effect of temperature was studied; and found that the photoreaction was endothermic and non-spontaneous. The apparent activation energy is small value, that make the photoreaction of this dye is fast.
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universities throughout Iraq are actively reporting Scientists at universities throughout Iraq are actively reporting Scientists at universities throughout Iraq are actively reporting Scientists at universities throughout Iraq are actively reporting Scientists at universities throughout Iraq are actively reporting Scientists at universities throughout Iraq are actively reporting incidents and actual occurring in their labs, as well structural incidents and actual occurring in their labs, as well structural incidents and actual occurring in their labs, as well structural incidents and actual occurring in their labs, as well structural incidents and actual occurring in their labs, as well structural incidents and actual occurring in their labs, as well structural incidents and actual occurring in their labs, as well structural incidents and actual occurring in their labs, as well structural incidents and actual occurring in their labs, as well structural incidents and actual occurring in 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structural incidents and actual occurring in their labs, as well structural incidents and actual occurring in their labs, as well structural incidents and actual occurring in their labs, as well structural incidents and actual occurring in their labs, as well structural incidents and actual occurring in their labs, as well structural incidents and actual occurring in their labs, as well structural incidents and actual occurring in their labs, as well structural incidents and actual occurring in their labs, as well structural incidents and actual occurring in their labs, as well structural incidents and actual occurring in their labs, as well structural improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise improvements that have been made to improve safety and security, raise awareness and encourage openness, leadingawareness and encourage openness, leadingawareness and encourage openness, leadingawareness and encourage openness, leading awareness and encourage openness, leading awareness and encourage openness, leadingawareness and encourage openness, leadingawareness and encourage openness, leadingawareness and encourage openness, leadingawareness and encourage openness, leading awareness and encourage openness, leadingawareness and encourage openness, leading awareness and encourage openness, leading awareness and encourage openness, leadingawareness and encourage openness, leading awareness and encourage openness, leading awareness and encourage openness, leadingawareness and encourage openness, leading awareness and encourage openness, leadingawareness and encourage openness, leadingawareness and encourage openness, leadingawareness and encourage openness, leadingawareness and encourage openness, leadingawareness and encourage openness, leading awareness and encourage openness, leadingawareness and encourage openness, leading to widespread adoption to widespread adoption to widespread adoption to widespread adoption to widespread adoption to widespread adoption to widespread adoption to widespread adoption to widespread adoption to widespread adoption to widespread adoption of of Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. Chemical Safety and Security (CSS) practices. TheThe enhancementenhancement enhancementenhancement enhancement enhancement of students’ of students’ of students’ of students’ of students’ of students’ of students’ acceptingaccepting accepting of of ideas ideas in knowledgeknowledge knowledge knowledge knowledge and its and its and its and its and its and its requests requests requestsrequests, practical scientific skills and , practical scientific skills and , practical scientific skills and , practical scientific skills and , practical scientific skills and , practical scientific skills and , practical scientific skills and , practical scientific skills and , practical scientific skills and , practical scientific skills and , practical scientific skills and , practical scientific skills and , practical scientific skills and , practical scientific skills and , practical scientific skills and , practical scientific skills and , practical scientific skills and , practical scientific skills and understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences understanding of how science and scientists work in laboratory experiences have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over have been considered key aspects of education in science for over 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Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security Facility requirements for the necessary level of safety and security combined combined combined combined with specific requirements relevant to the course be conducted dictate with specific requirements relevant to the course be conducted dictate with specific requirements relevant to the course be conducted dictate with specific requirements relevant to the course be 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particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be he structural design of a particular laboratory, the process must be addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies addressed both. This manuscript is the sixth in a series of seven case studies describing la describing la describing la boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We boratory accidents, accidents and laboratory improvements. We summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate summarize the process used to guide a major renovation of postgraduate chemistry chemistry chemistrychemistry laboratory facilities at Al laboratory facilities at Al laboratory facilities at Allaboratory facilities at Allaboratory facilities at Allaboratory facilities at Al laboratory facilities at Allaboratory facilities at Allaboratory facilities at Al laboratory facilities at Allaboratory facilities at Allaboratory facilities at Allaboratory facilities at Allaboratory facilities at Allaboratory facilities at Al -Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons Nahrain University and discuss lessons learned from the project. learned from the project.learned from the project. learned from the project. learned from the project. learned from the project.learned from the project. learned from the project. learned from the project. learned from the project.learned from the project.
The Reality of Chemical Safety and Security at Al-Qasim Green University and Future Directions
The Al-Qasim Green University begins after two years from the date of their establishment at 2012, to adopt training programs on chemical safety and security and the definition of their importance at different areas and applications, through their efforts and coordination with the central committee of the safety and security for the chemical, biological and radiological at the University of Babylon to work these programs for staff under the auspices of the president of the university, the first on 23 Nov-04 Dec 2014, then those training programs were connected directly with the global program for chemical security funded by a civilian international institutions associated with the league of United Nations, which has been implemented (14) as training programs or workshops at colleges of the university. In this study will clarify the role of the university to adopt different and varied projects and programs about chemical safety and security for different staff of students (undergraduate and postgraduate studies), leaders and administrators of the professors, staff and researchers at the administrative offices, science laboratories and chemical stores as well as workers at field of the protection and university guards. The planning and classification of such programs were achieved on the basis such as qualification of trainees, training hubs, training objectives, etc. As well as follow basis of organizational factors such as establishing of administrative units in all colleges and central committee at presidency of the university. However, it became necessary to draw a road map for the steps and future orientations adopted by the university's policy to create a trained generations,acquired with safety and security skills and how to deal with hazardous materials and keeping them from being misused, all of this would achieve the principle of partnership and community service, right up to the sustainable development and green future for next generations.
Training Programs for Students on Chemical Safety and Security: Al-Qasim Green University as a Case Study
Al-Qasim Green University and it's colleges began to adopt training programs on chemical safety and security for its students at various levels of study, whether at the undergraduate or postgraduate studies for the purpose of creating an educated generation of young graduates are aware of the requirements and concepts of chemical safety and security, on the other hand creating a graduates trained and qualified to achieve the requirements of the labor market in the framework of the partnership and community service. These programs have been established by coordinating efforts with the central committee of the safety and security CBRN at the University of Babylon. After that, link these programs for students with the global program for chemical security CSP under the auspices of a civilian international institutions associated with the League of the United Nations, where the implement of the first project called (Iraq-12) as training on chemical safety and security for new students at colleges, 27-31/12/2015. In an academic year 2016-2017, the central committee and the division of chemical safety and security at the university adopted training programs for new students sustainably each year, as well as training for students at their end-classes of study before graduation, as well as training for postgraduate students for the purpose of preparing graduates trained to meet the requirements of the labor market and to achieve teaching and learning requirements. Through the above, it became necessary to draw a map for the steps and future training programs adopted by the University to create a qualified and trained generations acquired chemical safety and security skills and how to deal with various chemicals and keep them from being misused.
Evaluation of Adsorption Capacity by Ceramic Filter Made of Palygorskite and Vinger Yeast to Heavy Metals Ions
In this study, ceramic filter (CF) was produced from a mixture of Iraqi raw materials. This ceramic mixture was prepared using paligorskiet as a Clay, Porcelanite as a Silica, and Limestone as a flux. Viger yeast was used as an additive to the raw materials. Physical properties of the produced CF were measured. The hydraulic conductivity of the produced was measured. The average hydraulic conductivity of the produced CF was 110 times that of commercial types of ceramic filters. The mineral composition of the produced ceramics was found by X-Ray tests. Tests results showed that all of the produced ceramics filters composed mainly of low Cristobalte and Tridoymite in addition to some of other minerals. The results showed that CF has excellent adsorption ability for solutes of four heavy metals, Cd, Co, Fe, and Zn, at concentrations of 1 mg/leach and 10 mg/l each. The adsorption capacities of each filter to adsorb four heavy metals were computed according to kinematic energy models. They were Langmuir model and Freundlich models. The results showed variety in adsorption capacities for each heavy metal.
Evaluation of Chemical and Biological Safety and Security level at the University of Babylon Labs
This investigation was designed to evaluate the level of chemical and biological safety and security in University of Babylon Labs by depending on 4 forms related with chemicals, Electricity, Fire safety and Security for labs with emphasis on Control of substances hazardous to health (COSSH) and Materials Safety Data Sheet(MSDS), these forms was applied for 79 labs, 121 labs, 119 labs, and 119 labs for form 1, 2,3, and 4 respectively, the highest ratio recorded with answer (no) for question 5 in form 1 , question 10 in form 2, question 17 in form 3, and question 27 in form 4, we concluded from this study that safety and security level in University of Babylon labs don't fit the standard requirements and need future plan for development the aspect of Safety and Security in all labs.