Lemon Juice as Highly Selective, Efficient, and Renewable Catalyst to Achieve New Series of Heterocyclic Compounds via Click-Multicomponent Reaction

Abstract

Recently, lemon juice has been extensively explored as a cheap, easily available, non-toxic, biodegradable, usable, reusable, highly selective, biocatalyst, and green solvent in organic synthesis, especially nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. a simple, conventional, green, and environmentally friendly one-pot procedure for modification N-substituted 1,2,4-triazole (1) using lemon juice as a renewable and natural catalyst via click multicomponent reaction among glycine, thiosemicarbazide, and vanillin has been successfully done. This supreme unite building is used later as an active precursor, usually through the Biginelli reaction as a click three-component reaction with dimedone and substituted benzaldehyde in acidic media from lemon juice too to afford poly fused heterocyclic compounds (2-7). The available spectral and elemental analysis (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, GC-Mass, and CHN) confirmed the synthesized compound's structure. In contrast, the biological activity as an anti-lung cancer agent has been evaluated only for compound (3), and the results were impressive.