The photochemical Catalytic Properties and Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nano Bismuth Borate for Efficient Removal of Congo red dye from Aqueous Solution

Abstract

This study synthesized Bismuth Borate (BB) by one-step precipitation from nano bismuth oxide and Boric acid. FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and Zeta potential characterized the product. This product acts as a photocatalyst to remove Congo red dye (CR) from an aqueous solution, all factors that affect the adsorption process studied (Time, weight of adsorbent, adsorbate concentration, PH, temperature). Model of isotherm adsorption Langmuir and Freundlich, kinetic adsorption, first- and second-order pseudo and thermodynamic values (ΔS, ΔG, ΔH) are studied. Results of the study indicated that the best amount of adsorbent was 0.1 g used against dye, the optimal concentration of CR was 50 mg L-1, and the optimum acidity function was equal to 5.5 with a volume of 100 ml of aqueous solution. Adsorption processes were carried out using distilled water as solvent. Also, this study included calculating adsorption capacity based on optimal conditions obtained by applying Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and max = (196) mg g-1 for (BB), kinetic adsorption following second-order pseudo. Values of thermodynamics (ΔS, ΔG, ΔH) are measured, and the results indicate an increase in system randomness and that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic.